Cuidado paliativo cercano, adaptación del cuidado de enfermería brindado en tiempo de pandemia / Close palliative care, adequacy of nursing care provided in times of pandemic

INTRODUCCIÓN: La pandemia a nivel mundial afectó gravemente los servicios de prevención y tratamiento de las Enfermedades No Transmisibles, viéndose las personas con cáncer afectadas por su tamizaje, tratamiento y acompañamiento a fin de vida. En este contexto, el cuidado brindado por enfermería se hizo complejo, generando impotencia y frustración frente al aislamiento y la mortalidad. OBJETIVO: Explorar la percepción de las enfermeras respecto al cuidado otorgado a personas en cuidados paliativos oncológicos en el contexto de la pandemia por COVID-19, en la Región Metropolitana de Chile. MÉTODOS: Estudio cualitativo exploratorio descriptivo en base al análisis de contenido temático de Krippendorff. Contó con una muestra intencionada de 6 enfermeras de unidades de cuidados paliativos. La recolección de datos fue con entrevistas semiestructuradas audio grabadas por video conexión, tras dar el consentimiento, entre septiembre del 2020 y abril del 2021. Las entrevistas trascritas fueron analizadas por cada uno de los investigadores por separado, para luego triangular los hallazgos y develar las categorías, logrando la saturación de datos. RESULTADOS: Las enfermeras de CP que participaron en esta investigación se vieron enfrentadas a desafíos generados por la pandemia, sin embargo, reconocen haber logrado un cuidado paliativo cercano en base a las adaptaciones en la gestión del cuidado, la cual estuvo mediada por factores facilitadores en el proceso. Esta experiencia las llevó a dar sentido al cuidado brindado, valorando las adecuaciones realizadas y el compromiso asumido en pos de mantener un cuidado humanizado a pesar de los obstáculos que se fueron presentando. CONCLUSIÓN: El afrontar la pandemia permitió a las enfermeras de cuidados paliativos adaptarse a través de una gestión del cuidado oportuna, segura, innovadora y humanizada, lo que dio sentido a dicho cuidado, relevando el desarrollo de los programas de cuidados paliativos en personas con limitación de la vida.

INTRODUCTION: The worldwide pandemic severely affected services related to the prevention and treatment of Non-Communicable Diseases, especially in people with cancer who require screening, treatment, and accompaniment at the end of life. In this context, the care provided by nurses became complex, creating feelings of impotence and frustration in the face of isolation and mortality. OBJECTIVE: To explore nurses' perceptions of the oncologic palliative care provided during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Metropolitan Region of Chile. METHODS: Descriptive exploratory qualitative study based on Krippendorff thematic content analysis. The study had an intentional sample of 6 nurses from palliative care units. Data was collected between September 2020 and April 2021, using semi-structured video interviews which were audio-recorded after obtaining consent. The transcribed interviews were analyzed by each of the researchers separately to triangulate the findings and reveal the categories that characterized the nurses' perceptions. RESULTS: While the PC nurses who participated in this research were faced with challenges generated by the pandemic, they were able to provide close palliative care based on adaptations in care management, adaptations facilitated by factors in the process. This experience enabled them to give meaning to the care provided, value the adjustments and the commitment made to maintain humanized care despite the obstacles. CONCLUSION: Facing the pandemic prompted palliative care nurses to adapt through timely, safe, innovative, and humanized care management, giving meaning to such care and highlighting the importance of palliative care programs in people with life limitations.

Cross lagged analysis of adolescent social adaptability, physical exercise and mental health / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To explore the relationships among social adaptation, physical exercise, and mental health of adolescents, so as to provide theoretical basis for social adaptation and mental health improvement.@*Methods@#Longitudinal follow up survey data were collected from 1 163 adolescents in Jinan City, Shandong Province in September 2021 (T1), January 2022 (T2), and June 2022 (T3) by cluster random sampling method. The relationship between social adaptability, physical exercise, and mental health of adolescents was analyzed through cross lagged analysis.@*Results@#There were significant sex differences in physical exercise and mental health among adolescents on T1, T2, and T3 ( Z =-3.83, -3.43, -4.59; -12.45, -8.93, -8.72, P <0.01), with male students had more physical exercise [35(28,42),36(33,42),38(35,43)] and better mental health [12(12,17),17(17,21),14(14,26)] levels than female students [33(27,40),35(31,40),36(33,41); 9(9,12),12(12,23),12(12,23)]. No similar sex difference in social adaptability (T1, T2, T3) [male: 22 (14, 24), 22 (14, 24), 22 (16, 24); female: 21 (11, 23), 20 (14, 24), 22 (17, 24)] ( Z =-0.79, -1.19, -1.34, P >0.05). Temporal and synchronous correlations were found in social adaptability, physical exercise and mental health ( r =0.18-0.67，0.12-0.68, P <0.01). Teenager physical exercise and mental health could predict social adaptability across time ( β T1-T2 =0.25,0.13; β T2-T3 =0.25,0.06, P <0.05), with a mediating effect on the impact path of physical exercise on social adaptability in psychological health ( β =0.14, P <0.05).@*Conclusions@#There is a causal relationship between physical exercise, mental health, and social adaptability among adolescents. Encouraging adolescents to actively participate in physical exercise and promoting mental health can effectively enhance their social adaptability.

Health status of elderly residents in Beijing city: a survey and analysis based on the Health Criteria for Older Adults in China(2022) / 中华老年医学杂志

Objective:To evaluate and analyze the health status of elderly people from the physical, psychological and social aspects using the Health Criteria for Older Adults in China(2022), and to understand the impact of social demographic characteristics on the overall health status of the elderly.Methods:159 elderly people aged 60 years and over in the Lanyuan community of Malianwa Subdistrict, Haidian District, Beijing were selected by the stratified sampling method, with a mean age of(70.7±7.9)years, including 74 men and 85 women.The physical, psychological, social and overall health status of the elderly were comprehensively evaluated and analyzed from data collected through a self-designed questionnaire with face-to-face interviews at respondents' homes.Results:The percentage of participants in this community who were considered overall healthy was 30.2%(n=48). The proportions of those meeting the criteria for physical, mental and social health were 79.2%(n=126), 90.6%(n=144)and 32.1%(n=51), respectively.For participants of 3 age groups(60-69, n=89; 70-79, n=44; ≥80, n=26), differences in percentages of people who were considered not healthy, largely healthy and healthy, measured using the overall, physical, mental and social health criteria, were statistically significant( χ2=24.683, 57.096, 12.801, 11.802, all P<0.05), and results of the χ2test for trend showed that the frequency distribution of people with overall, physical, mental and social health decreased with age( χ2=16.878, 31.600, 9.626, 9.626, all P<0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that education level( OR=2.142, 95% CI: 1.053-4.538, P=0.035)was an influencing factor for overall health status of the elderly. Conclusions:The overall health status of community-dwelling elderly people in Beijing is relatively poor and deteriorates with age.Education level is a factor affecting their health status.Health assessment for the elderly should be strongly advocated, and targeted health education should be provided for the elderly in disease prevention and mental health care.

Dificultades interpersonales en los trastornos alimentarios: un modelo psiconeurobiológico explicativo/comprensivo / Interpersonal difficulties in eating disorders: an explanatory/ comprehensive psychoneurobiological model

RESUMEN: Antecedentes: Los trastornos alimentarios (TCA) presentan entre sus síntomas disfunciones psicosociales como ansiedad social, alexitimia y falta de asertividad. Objetivo: Se propone un modelo explicativo/comprensivo que integra aspectos de psiconeurobiología y comportamiento útil para la clínica. Método: Se evaluó una revisión de la literatura en Medline / PubMed, SciELO y bases de datos de textos especializados con criterios de calidad. Fueron seleccionados conceptos centrales para construir una coherencia que permitiera la lectura psiconeurobiológica del fenómeno y su aplicación clínica. Resultados: Cuatro factores fueron dispuestos a significar: 1- sistema de alarma; 2- sistema de recompensa 3- cerebro social; 4-mecanismos de control (inhibición/excitación). Se dispusieron mostrando la complejidad de su interacción psicofisiológica. Se sugiere que la ingesta de alimentos podría funcionar como una forma primaria de equilibrio cuando hay fallas en alguno de los sistemas expuestos. Conclusión: Se presenta un modelo de integración psiconeurobiológico útil para explicar la dificultad interpersonal en TCA. Esta forma de comprensión facilita: la conexión entre las investigaciones emergentes en TCA y DI; la toma de decisiones clínicas y orientan el pronóstico y las alternativas de tratamiento.

ABSTRACT Background: Eating disorders (ED) are characterized by psychosocial disfunctions, like social anxiety, alexithymia and lack of assertiveness. Objective: To propose a comprehensive integrative model including neurobiology and behavior aspects. Method: A literature review on Medline/PubMed, SciELO and specialized texts databases were assessed against quality criteria. Core concepts were extracted and coherence articulated. Results: Four factors were disposed to meaning: alarm and reward system with social brain and control (inhibition/excitation) mechanisms. They were articulate in a complex psychophysiological interplay. They were associated with social behaviours achieved/not achieved during development. Food intake could operate like a pathological balance to psychopathological effects Conclusion: An explanatory/comprehensive psychoneurobiological model to understand social function in ED is proposed. This form of understanding facilitates: the connection between emerging research in eating disorders and ID; clinical decision-making and guide the prognosis and treatment alternatives.

Psychosocial Adjustment to Illness among HIV-Positive People from Buenos Aires, Argentina / Ajuste Psicosocial a la Enfermedad en personas HIV-positivas de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina / Ajuste Psicossocial à doença nas pessoas HIV-positivas da Cidade de Buenos Aires, Argentina

Objective. To analyze the process of psychosocial adjustment to illness in a sample of people living with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus from Buenos Aires, Argentina. Methods. Cross-sectional analytical study. The sample consisted of 144 HIV-positive people chosen by simple random sampling. The PAIS-SR questionnaire was used to measure the Psychosocial Adjustment process, which is made up of 46 items organized into 7 domains, whose final score ranges between 0 and 100, interpreted so that the higher the score, the worse the psychosocial adjustment process. Results. The respondents reported were mostly male (82.63%), single (61.80%), with university studies (50.00%), without children (74.30%), and with a steady job (88.19%); the mean age of the participants was 43.8 years. The median global score was 51.4 (IQR: 12). The domains with the worst perception of psychosocial adjustment were: Health care orientation (Me: 56, IQR: 20), extended family relationship (Me: 55, IQR: 20), and Sexual relationship (Me: 54, IQR: 14), while those who had a better perception of adjustment were: Domestic environment (Me: 48, IQR: 8), Psychological distress (Me: 48, IQR: 17), Social environment (Me: 50, IQR: 18) and Vocational environment (Me: 50, IQR: 12). It was found that patients with a poor psychosocial adjustment process had low adherence to treatment, higher frequency of smoking, and sedentary lifestyle (p<0.001), while male sex, older age, and employment were related to a better psychosocial adjustment process (p<0.001). Conclusion. The process of psychosocial adjustment to illness in the study group is medium; adjustment was positively related to self-care habits such as better adherence to pharmacological treatment, physical activity, and not smoking.

Objetivo. Analizar el proceso de ajuste psicosocial en una muestra de personas que conviven con el Virus de la Inmunodeficiencia Humana de la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina. Métodos. Estudio analítico de corte transversal. La muestra estuvo integrada por 144 personas HIV-positivas elegidos mediante muestreo aleatorio simple. Se empleó para la medición del proceso de Ajuste Psicosocial el cuestionario PAIS-SR, el cual está integrado por 46 ítems organizados en 7 dominios, cuyo puntaje final oscila entre 0 y 100, interpretándose de modo que, a mayor puntaje es peor el proceso de ajuste psicosocial. Resultados. Los encuestados fueron en su mayoría sexo masculino (82.63%), solteros (61.80%), con estudios universitarios (50%), sin hijos (74.30%) y con trabajo estable (88.19%); la media de edad de los participantes fue de 43.8 años. La mediana del puntaje global fue de 51.4 (RIQ:12). Los dominios con peor precepción de ajuste psicosocial fueron: Orientación al cuidado de la salud (Me: 56, RIQ: 20), Relación con la Familia Extendida (Me: 55, RIQ: 20) y Relaciones sexuales (Me: 54, RIQ: 14), mientras que los que tuvieron mejor percepción de ajuste fueron: Ambiente familiar (Me: 48, RIQ: 8), Distrés psicológico (Me: 48, RIQ: 17), Ambiente social (Me: 50, RIQ: 18) y Ambiente Laboral (Me: 50, RIQ: 12). Se encontró que los pacientes con un mal proceso de ajuste psicosocial presentaban una baja adherencia al tratamiento y más frecuencia de tabaquismo y sedentarismo (p<0.001), mientras que un mejor proceso de ajuste psicosocial se asoció a ser de sexo masculino, mayor edad y tener empleo estable (p<0.001). Conclusión. El proceso de ajuste psicosocial a la enfermedad en el grupo de estudio es medio; el ajuste se relacionó en forma positiva con hábitos de autocuidado como una mejor adherencia al tratamiento farmacológico, realización de actividad física y no fumar.

Objetivo. Analisar o processo de ajuste psicossocial numa amostra de pessoas que convivem com o Vírus da Imunodeficiência Humana da Cidade Autônoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina. Métodos. Estudo analítico de corte transversal. A amostra esteve integrada por 144 pessoas HIV-positivas elegidos mediante amostragem aleatório simples. Se empregou para a medição do processo de Ajuste Psicossocial o questionário PAIS-SR, o qual está integrado por 46 itens organizados em 7 domínios, cuja pontuação final oscila entre 0 e 100, interpretando-se de modo que, a maior pontuação é pior que o processo de ajuste psicossocial. Resultados. Os entrevistados foram na sua maioria do sexo masculino (82.63%), solteiros (61.80%), com estudos universitários (50%), sem filhos (74.30%) e com trabalho estável (88.19%); a média de idade dos participantes foi de 43 anos. A média da pontuação global foi de 51.4 (RIQ:12). Os domínios com pior percepção de ajuste psicossocial foram: Orientação ao cuidado da saúde (Me: 56, RIQ: 20), Relação com a Família Estendida (Me: 55, RIQ: 20) e Relações sexuais (Me: 54, RIQ: 14), enquanto que os que tiveram melhor percepção de ajuste foram: Ambiente familiar (Me: 48, RIQ: 8), Distresse psicológico (Me: 48, RIQ: 17), Ambiente social (Me: 50, RIQ: 18) e Ambiente Laboral (Me: 50, RIQ: 12). Se encontrou que os pacientes com um mal processo de ajuste psicossocial apresentavam uma baixa aderência ao tratamento e mais frequência de tabaquismo e sedentarismo (p<0.001), enquanto um melhor processo de ajuste social se associou a ser de sexo masculino, maior idade e posse de emprego se relacionaram com um melhor processo de ajuste psicossocial (p<0.001). Conclusão. O processo de ajuste psicossocial à doença no grupo de estudo é médio; o ajuste se relacionou em forma positiva com hábitos de autocuidado como uma melhor aderência ao tratamento farmacológico, realização de atividade física e não fumar.

Estrategias de afrontamiento para acceder a los alimentos en hogares del departamento de Antioquia, Colombia / Strategies for dealing with access to food in households in the department of Antioquia, Colombia / Estratégias de enfrentamento para o acesso à alimentação de famílias do Departamento de Antióquia, Colômbia

Se presentan los hallazgos de un estudio cualitativo, realizado en el departamento de Antioquia, Colombia, cuyo objetivo fue reconocer las estrategias de afrontamiento a las cuales recurren hogares en situaciones críticas de acceso a los alimentos. Desde la perspectiva de la etnografía focalizada, se recolectó información en nueve municipios, mediante entrevistas individuales y grupales a hombres y mujeres adolescentes, adultos y adultos mayores de zonas urbanas y rurales, con diferentes roles sociales, también se realizaron observaciones en lugares relacionados con alimentación. Se encontró que las situaciones críticas de acceso a los alimentos se relacionan con dinámicas económicas, ambientales y sociales que se viven en los municipios y afectan la disponibilidad local y el acceso físico y económico de las familias. La escasez de alimentos puede ser transitoria o crónica y las estrategias de afrontamiento instauradas pueden situarse en el nivel del hogar, como la restricción en la compra de ciertos alimentos o el reemplazo de preparaciones, o pueden ser del ámbito social, como el intercambio de alimentos, las prácticas solidarias con vecinos y familiares o el acceso a programas institucionales. Las familias que cuentan con redes de apoyo o producen alimentos enfrentan mejor esos momentos de difícil acceso. En conclusión, el acceso a los alimentos va más allá de la esfera doméstica, se instaura en el nivel social y político; por consiguiente, se requieren acciones estatales en diversos ámbitos que contribuyan a la equidad y promuevan sistemas alimentarios más sostenibles.

The article presents the findings from a qualitative study in the department of Antioquia, Colombia, whose objective was to identify the strategies employed by households during situations involving critical access to food. Based on the perspective of targeted ethnography, information was collected in nine municipalities using individual and group interviews with male and female adolescents, adults, and elders in urban and rural areas, with different social roles, besides observations in places related to food. The critical situations for access to food were related to economic, environmental, and social aspects in the municipalities and that affected local availability and accessibility and affordability for families. Food shortages can be temporary or chronic, and the strategies for dealing with them may be situated at the household level, such as limitations on the purchase of certain foods or substitution of certain meals. They may also occur at the social level, such as bartering different foods, solidarity among neighbors and family members, or access to institutional programs. Families that can count on support networks or that produce their own food deal better with such times of difficult access. In conclusion, access to foods goes beyond the household sphere and reaches the social and political levels, thus requiring State actions at various levels to contribute to equity and promote more sustainable food systems.

São apresentados os resultados de um estudo qualitativo realizado no Departamento de Antióquia, Colômbia, que tinha como objetivo identificar as estratégias de enfrentamento implementadas pelas famílias em situação crítica de acesso à alimentação. Partindo da perspectiva da etnografia focalizada, dados foram coletados em nove municípios, por meio de entrevistas individuais e de grupo, junto a homens e mulheres adolescentes, adultos e idosos das zonas urbanas e rurais, com diferentes papéis sociais; também foram realizadas observações em lugares relacionados com a alimentação. Identificou-se que as situações críticas de acesso aos alimentos estão relacionadas com as dinâmicas econômicas, ambientais e sociais vivenciadas nos municípios e que afetam a disponibilidade local e o acesso físico e econômico das famílias. A escassez de alimentos pode ser transitória ou crônica e as estratégias de enfrentamento desenvolvidas podem se situar no âmbito da família, como a restrição na compra de determinados alimentos ou a substituição de certas comidas, ou no âmbito social, como a troca de alimentos, as práticas solidárias com vizinhos e familiares ou o acesso a programas institucionais. As famílias que contam com redes de apoio ou que produzem alimentos enfrentam melhor esses momentos de difícil acesso. Em conclusão, o acesso à alimentação vai além da esfera doméstica, instaura-se no nível social e político; com isso são necessárias ações do poder público, em diversos âmbitos, que contribuam para a equidade e promovam sistemas alimentares mais sustentáveis.

Deslocamento compulsório: relatos de um luto não elaborado / Compulsory displacement: reports of an undeveloped mouring / Desplazamiento poblacional obligatorio: informes de un luto no resuelto

As construções de barragens podem ocasionar à desapropriação de cidades inteiras e realocação de populações. Transformações desta amplitude geram perturbações às comunidades afetadas. Devido a construção da Barragem do Castanhão, a cidade de Jaguaribara foi destruída, e seus moradores transferidos para a primeira cidade projetada do Ceará, a Nova Jaguaribara. Apropriando-se dos conceitos da psicologia ambiental, a pesquisa teve como objetivo compreender aspectos da relação pessoa-ambiente frente ao deslocamento compulsório. Verificou-se na população de Jaguaribara sinais de luto não elaborado, traços de sofrimento psíquico, bem como a fragilização dos vínculos sociais e a redução da autonomia. Compreender as relações humano-ambientais, e impactos decorrentes de processos de deslocamentos programados torna-se primordial para a elaboração de estratégias que visem a redução de danos, potencializem adaptação e a promoção de saúde. Portanto, o impacto da perda do lugar torna-se viabilizador da manifestação e da manutenção de intenso sofrimento favorecendo o surgimento de adoecimentos( AU).

The construction of dams can lead to the expropriation of entire cities and the relocation of populations. Transformations with this magnitude has affected communities and caused too much disturbs. It has happened after the Castanhão Dam creation, the city called Jaguaribara, was destroyed and your citizens transferred to the first projected city in Ceará, Nova Jaguaribara. Appropriating the concepts of environmental psychology, the research aimed to understand aspects of the person-environment relationship in the face of compulsory displacement. The population of Jaguaribara showed signs of undeveloped mourning, traces of psychological distress, as well as weakened social bonds and reduced autonomy. Understanding human-environmental relations, and impacts resulting from programmed displacement processes, is essential for the elaboration of strategies that aim at harm reduction, potentiate adaptation and health promotion. Therefore, the impact of the loss of place makes the manifestation and maintenance of intense suffering feasible, favoring the appearance of illnesses (AU).

a construcción de presas puede conducir a la expropiación de ciudades enteras y la reubicación de las poblaciones. Transformaciones de esta magnitud generan disturbios en las comunidades afectadas. Debido a la construcción de la presa Castanho, la ciudad de Jaguaribara fue destruida y sus residentes fueron transferidos a la primera ciudad proyectada en Ceará, Nova Jaguaribara. Apropiando los conceptos de psicología ambiental, la investigación tuvo como objetivo comprender aspectos de la relación persona-ambiente frente al desplazamiento obligatorio. La población de Jaguaribara mostró signos de duelo subdesarrollado, rastros de angustia psicológica, así como lazos sociales debilitados y una autonomía reducida. Comprender las relaciones humanoambientales y los impactos resultantes de los procesos de desplazamiento programados es esencial para la elaboración de estrategias que tengan como objetivo la reducción de daños, potenciar la adaptación y la promoción de la salud. Por lo tanto, el impacto de la pérdida de lugar hace posible la manifestación y el mantenimiento del sufrimiento intenso, favoreciendo la aparición de enfermedades (AU).

Repeated transcranial magnetic stimulation in the treatment of mixed depression and anxiety in 35 patients / 中国基层医药

Objective:To investigate the efficacy of repeated transcranial magnetic stimulation in the treatment of mixed depression and anxiety.Methods:Sixty-nine patients with mixed depression and anxiety who received treatment in The Second People's Hospital of Lishui from June 2018 to June 2019 were included in this study. They were randomly assigned to receive either conventional anti-anxiety and anti-depression medications (control group, n = 34) or repeated transcranial magnetic stimulation based on conventional anti-anxiety and anti-depression medications (observation group, n = 35) for 4 weeks. Therapeutic efficacy, quality of life, anxiety and depression scores, and adverse reactions were compared between the two groups. Results:Total effective rate in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group [97.14% (34/35) vs. 79.41% (27/34) , χ2 = 5.289, P < 0.05]. Before treatment, there were no significant differences in the scores of mental health, physical functioning, general health and role emotional between the two groups (all P > 0.05). After treatment, the scores of mental health, physical functioning, general health and role emotional in each group were significantly increased compared with before treatment (all P < 0.05). In addition, after treatment, the scores of mental health, physical functioning, general health and role emotional in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group ( t = 5.982, 5.130, 5.232, 4.829, all P < 0.05). Before treatment, there were no significant differences in anxiety and depression scores between the two groups (both P > 0.05). After treatment, the anxiety and depression scores in each group were significantly decreased compared with before treatment (both P < 0.05). After treatment, the anxiety and depression scores in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group ( t = 8.465, 9.290, both P < 0.05). The incidence of adverse reactions in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group [8.57% (3/35) vs. 17.64%(6/34), χ2 = 4.138, P < 0.05). Conclusion:Repeated transcranial magnetic stimulation is highly effective in the treatment of mixed depression and anxiety. It can effectively reduce the depression and anxiety symptoms, improve the quality of life, is highly safe, and therefore deserves clinical popularization.

School adaptation and behavior of the first batch of college students returning to school during the COVID-19 epidemic / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To analyze the school adaptation and behavioral performance of the first batch of students who return to school during the COVID-19 epidemic, and to provide a theoretical basis for further development of corresponding intervention measures.@*Methods@#The method of cluster sampling was adopted to conduct anonymous questionnaire survey on the first batch of college students who have returned to a certain university. The survey contents included the basic information of the students, the adaptability of the school after returning to school and the corresponding behavior performance.@*Results@#Male students reported high lever of satisfaction than female students on the dormitory environment health (t=10.28, P<0.01), but low satisfaction on school security and logistical support (t=2.26, P=0.02), rural students marked higher score than urban students for the school closed management system (t=2.82, P=0.01), in terns of school security, Logistics, the degree of school s attention to the epidemic prevention and epidemic prevention, non only-child gave high score than the only children; In terms of their own behavior, the rate of seek medical treatment immediately when they develop COVID-19 related symptoms (68.1%) was lower than that of others (81.3%)(χ 2=223.88，P<0.01)；In addition, the percentage of respondents who chose to report COVID-19 related symptoms (79.5%) was lower than that of others (88.7%)(χ 2=97.49，P<0.01). A total of 2 671 college students (98.9%) were able to wear masks every day and 2 457 (90.9%) chose to improve their diet to improve their immunity.@*Conclusion@#The first batch of college students who return to school have a high level of satisfaction on school management, and can take active measures to adapt to the life back to school and commit self-protection, however targeted measures to are still needed further strengthen students health education.

The role of rejection sensitivity in the relationship between the psychological resilience and social adaptability of college students with left behind experience / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To explore the role of rejection sensitivity in the relationship between the psychological resilience and social adaptability of college students with left behind experience, so as to provide reference for college students to beffer adapt to the society.@*Methods@#Self designed questionnaire, the Conor Davidson Resilience Scale(CD-RISC), the Chinese College Students Adaptation Scale(CCSAS), and the Rejection Sensitivity Questionnaire (RSQ) were administered among 3 418 college students from four universities in Anhui Province with the stratified cluster sampling method. This research investigation used AMOS version 21.0 to construct a structural equation model of rejection sensitivity, psychological resilience, and social adaptability, to analyze the mediation effect.@*Results@#There were 1 324 college students with lefe behind experience. Compared with college students without left behind experience[(64.47±13.79)(197.90±25.57)(10.86±2.98)], students with left behind experience exhibited lower levels of psychological resilience, social adaptability, and rejection sensitivity[(63.26±13.69)(195.14±24.60)(10.45±2.91)](t=-2.50, -3.12, -3.87, P<0.05); Rejection sensitivity was negatively associated with social adaptability, and psychological resilience among college students with left behind experience(r=-0.24, -0.22, P<0.01), while social adaptability was positively correlated with psychological resilience(r=0.64, P<0.01). The results of the mediation model showed that psychological resilience affected the mediation path of social adaptability by rejection sensitivity (mediation effect value=0.02, 95%CI=0.01-0.05, P<0.05).@*Conclusion@#Left behind experience had a negative impact on the psychological resilience and social adaptability of undergraduates. With respect to the psychological resilience of undergraduates with left behind experience, rejection sensitivity played a mediating role in the social adaptability relationship.

O efeito do treinamento multimídia na função social de pacientes queimados no Hospital Shahid Motahhari, Teerã: um estudo clínico / The effect of multimedia training on social function of burned patients in Shahid Motahhari Hospital, Tehran: A clinical trial study

Introdução: a queimadura é uma lesão tecidual que afeta o convívio social e os relacionamentos. Complicações de queimaduras levam à ruptura das relações sociais e, consequentemente, à disfunção social. Objetivo: este estudo objetiva determinar o efeito do treinamento multimídia no comportamento social de pacientes queimados no hospital Shahid Motahhari em Teerã. Métodos: este estudo clínico investigou 100 pacientes queimados. O grupo de intervenção recebeu, na alta hospitalar, um treinamento de autocuidados em multimídia num CD, além das informações de rotina. A função social da qualidade de vida foi examinada em ambos os grupos antes da intervenção, três meses e seis meses após a intervenção. Conclusões: os resultados mostraram que, antes da intervenção, o escore médio da função social da qualidade de vida no grupo intervenção e controle foi de 1/55 ± 0/46 e 1/92 ± 0/6, respectivamente, o que foi estatisticamente significativo (p<0,001). A média e o desvio-padrão da função social da qualidade de vida nos grupos intervenção e controle três e seis meses após a intervenção foram 2/47±0/56, 4/05±0/77, 2/15±0/39 e 29/3±0/95, respectivamente, também estatisticamente significativo (p<0,001)

Introduction: Burn is a tissue injury and affects social functioning and relationships. Complications of burns lead to disruption of social relationships and, consequently, social dysfunction. Objective: This study aims to determine the effect of multimedia training on burned patients' social functioning in Shahid Motahhari hospital in Tehran. Methods: This clinical trial study assessed 100 burned patients. The intervention group received multimedia self-care discharge training on a CD in addition to the standard education. The social function of the quality of life was examined in both groups before the intervention, 3 months and 6 months after the intervention. Conclusions: Results showed that before the intervention, the mean score of social function of quality of life in intervention and control group was 1/55± 0/46, 1/92± 0/6, respectively, which was statistically significant (p <0.001). Mean and standard deviation of social function of quality of life in the intervention and control groups three and six months after intervention were2/47± 0/56, 4/05± 0/77, 2/15±0/39, 3/29 ± 0/95, also statistically significant (p<0.001).

Reinserción social en la unidad de Psiquiatría Forense en Sancti Spíritus / Social reintegration in the Forensic Psychiatry unit in Sancti Spíritus

RESUMEN Fundamento: la Psiquiatría Forense es la aplicación de los conocimientos psiquiátricos al proceso de administración de justicia. Objetivo: describir el comportamiento de la reinserción social en la Unidad de Psiquiatría Forense de Sancti Spíritus. Métodos: se comunican los resultados del estudio del comportamiento de los asegurados en la Unidad de Psiquiatría Forense de Sancti Spíritus 2016 al 2018. Resultados: predomina el grupo etáreo entre 24 a 35 años, sexo masculino, la esquizofrenia paranoide con los neurolépticos atípicos como modalidad de tratamiento psico farmacológico más utilizado. Se lograron cambios positivos, que ayudó a la solicitud de cese de medida con su posterior reinserción social. Conclusiones: con la aplicación integral de terapias, se logran cambios que permiten la reinserción social, disminuye el riesgo de que puedan delinquir o violentarse en un futuro.

ABSTRACT Background: Forensic Psychiatry is the application of psychiatric knowledge to the justice administration process. Objective: to describe the behavior of social reintegration in the Forensic Psychiatry Unit of Sancti Spiritus. Methods: the results of the study of the behavior of the insured in the Forensic Psychiatry Unit of Sancti Spiritus 2016 to 2018 are communicated. Results: it predominates the age group between 24 to 35 years, male sex, paranoid schizophrenia with atypical neuroleptics as modality of most commonly used psycho-pharmacological treatment. Positive changes were achieved, which helped the request to cease the measure with its subsequent social reintegration. Conclusions: with the integral application of therapies, changes are achieved that allow social reintegration, reducing the risk that they may commit crimes or be violent in the future.

Role of emotional and social information processing factors in social behavior: a developmental perspective / Papel de fatores emocionais e processamento da informação social no comportamento social: uma perspectiva do desenvolvimento / Rol de factores emocionales y procesamiento de la información social en el comportamiento social: una perspectiva del desarrollo

This study examines the structural relations between social behavior, social information processing (SIP), emotionality and emotional regulation among children from Cordoba (Argentina). Six hundred and twenty-three children aged 3, 5 and 7 years, as well as their parents and teachers, participated in the study. A reduced model offered the best fit to the data, which excluded the emotional variables of positive valence. Overall, a better social performance was predicted by lower levels of negative emotionality, a better ability to regulate negative emotions, and a better ability to process social information. The different steps of SIP proved to be significant mediators. Additionally, it was observed that the structural configuration of the variables showed noticeable peculiarities according to the period of development considered.

Este estudo examina as relações estruturais entre o comportamento social, o processamento da informação social (SIP), a emocionalidade e regulação emocional em crianças de Córdoba (Argentina). Participaram no estudo 623 crianças de 3, 5 e 7 anos, seus pais e professoras. Um modelo reduzido ofereceu o melhor ajuste dos dados, o que excluiu as variáveis emocionais de valência positiva. Em geral, um melhor desempenho social foi predito por níveis mais baixos de emocionalidade negativa, uma melhor habilidade de regular emoções negativas e uma habilidade melhor para processar a informação social. Os diferentes passos do SIP mostraram ser mediadores significativos. Além disso, observou-se que a configuração estrutural das variáveis apresentou peculiaridades notáveis de acordo com o período evolutivo considerado.

Este estudio examina las relaciones estructurales entre el comportamiento social, el procesamiento de la información social (SIP), la emocionalidad y regulación emocional en niños de Córdoba (Argentina). Participaron 623 niños de 3, 5 y 7 años, sus padres y maestras. Un modelo reducido ofreció el mejor ajuste de los datos, el cual excluía las variables emocionales de valencia positiva. En general, un mejor desempeño social fue predicho por niveles más bajos de emocionalidad negativa, una mejor habilidad para regular emociones negativas y una mejor habilidad para procesar información social. Los distintos pasos del SIP mostraron ser mediadores significativos. Además, se observó que la configuración estructural de las variables mostraba notables particularidades según el período evolutivo considerado.

School context in the transition from the early years to the final years of Elementary Education / Contexto escolar na transição dos anos iniciais para os anos finais do Ensino Fundamental

The transition between the two cycles of Elementary School is a process with anticipations and expectations in the 5th as well as demands and adaptations in the 6th year. The objective of this paper is to investigate the effects of the transition taking into account the nature of the transition. A prospective study was carried out with two data collections (5th and 6th grade). A total of 379 public-school students (212 girls), with a mean age of 10.6 years (SD = 0.91), were enrolled at the beginning of the study. The instruments used were Brazil Test, Child Stress Scale, Social Skills Assessment System, Self-Concept Assessment Questionnaire, and Multidimensional Life Satisfaction Scale for Children. When comparing the two grades, children who did not change schools showed more stability, especially in academic self-concept; those enrolled in municipal schools showed a greater decrease in self-concept and satisfaction with life. School change seems to increase the demands of transition.

A transição entre os dois ciclos do Ensino Fundamental é um processo com antecipações e expectativas no 5º e demandas e adaptações no 6º ano. O objetivo deste trabalho é investigar efeitos da transição levando em consideração a natureza da transição. Realizou-se um estudo prospectivo com duas coletas de dados (5º e 6º ano). Participaram 379 alunos de escolas públicas (212 meninas), com média de idade de 10,6 anos (DP = 0,91) no início da pesquisa. Utilizou-se a Prova Brasil, Escala de Stress Infantil, Sistema de Avaliação de Habilidades Sociais, Questionário para Avaliação do Autoconceito e Escala Multidimensional de Satisfação de Vida para Crianças. Nas comparações entre os anos, crianças que não mudaram de escola apresentaram maior estabilidade, sobretudo no autoconceito acadêmico; as encaminhadas para escolas municipais apresentaram maior decréscimo no autoconceito e na satisfação com a vida. A mudança de escola parece amplificar as demandas da transição.

Diagnósticos de enfermagem com pacientes coronariopatas à luz da teoria de Callista Roy / Nursing diagnoses with coronary patients in the light of Calista Roy's theory / Diagnósticos de enfermería con pacientes coronarios a la luz dela teoría de Callista Roy

Objetivo: Identificar os diagnósticos de enfermagem nos pacientes coronariopatas à luz da Teoria da Adaptação de Callista Roy. Métodos: Estudo descritivo, transversal, quantitativo, envolvendo 15 pacientes coronariopatas, no período pré-intervenção hemodinâmica. Desenvolveu-se em um hospital universitário do Rio de Janeiro-RJ, de maio a setembro de 2017. Utilizou-se questionário estruturado de acordo com as cinco necessidades básicas (oxigenação, nutrição, eliminação, atividade e repouso e proteção) e o processo complexo (função neurológica) do modo fisiológico de Callista Roy. Resultados: Foram estabelecidos 10 Diagnósticos de Enfermagem da taxonomia II da NANDA: risco de intolerância a atividade, ansiedade, medo, intolerância a atividade, padrão respiratório ineficaz, mobilidade física prejudicada, deambulação prejudicada, náusea, eliminação urinária prejudicada e diarreia. Conclusão: Conclui-se que o modelo da Adaptação de Callista Roy, propiciou o entendimento da vivência dos pacientes com adoecimento coronariano, mediante uma perspectiva de adaptação

Objective: to identify nursing diagnoses in coronary patients in the light of Callista Roy's Adaptation Theory. Method: this was a descriptive, cross-sectional, quantitative study involving 15 patients ith coronary artery disease in the pre-intervention hemodynamic period. It was developed in a university hospital in Rio de Janeiro-RJ, from May to September, 2017. A structured questionnaire was used according to the five basic needs (oxygenation, nutrition, elimination, activity and rest and protection) and the complex process (neurological function) in the physiological way of Callista Roy. Results: ten nursing diagnoses of NANDA taxonomy II were established: risk of intolerance to activity, anxiety, fear, activity intolerance, ineffective respiratory pattern, impaired physical mobility, impaired walking, nausea, impaired urinary elimination and diarrhea. Conclusion: it was concluded that the Callista Roy Adaptation model provided an understanding of the experience of patients with coronary disease, through an adaptation perspective

Objetivo: identificar los diagnósticos de enfermería en los pacientes coronariopatas a la luz de la Teoría de la Adaptación de Callista Roy. Método: estudio descriptivo, transversal, cuantitativo, involucrando 15 pacientes coronariopatas, en el período pre-intervención hemodinámica. Se desarrolló en un hospital universitario de Río de Janeiro-RJ, de mayo a septiembre de 2017. Se utilizó un cuestionario estructurado de acuerdo con las cinco necesidades básicas (oxigenación, nutrición, eliminación, actividad y reposo y protección) y el proceso complejo (función neurológica) del modo fisiológico de Callista Roy. Resultados: hubo 10 Diagnósticos de Enfermería taxonomía establecida NANDA II: riesgo de intolerancia a la actividad, la ansiedad, el miedo, la intolerancia a La actividad, el ritmo respiratorio ineficaz, deterioro de la movilidad física, deterioro de la marcha, náuseas, diarrea y deterioro de la eliminación urinaria. Conclusión: se concluye que el modelo de la Adaptación de Callista Roy, propició el entendimiento de la vivencia de los pacientes com enfermedad coronaria, mediante una perspectiva de adaptación

Investigation on intelligence, self-concept and psychosocial adaptation of precocious girls / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To explore the intelligence, self-concept and psychosocial adaptability among girls with precocious puberty,and to provide theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of precocious puberty in girls.@*Methods@#Performed the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence, the Piers-Harris Children’s Self-concept Scale and the Social Adaptive Quotient for evaluating the intelligence quotient (IQ), self-concept and psychosocial adaptability of 45 precocious girls and 90 normal girls,respectively. The differences between these two groups of girls were analyzed.@*Results@#The level of intelligence of precocious girls (119.80±16.37) was higher than that of normal girls (109.96±17.13)(t=3.19, P<0.01). The total score of self-concept of precocious girls (57.98±6.14) was lower than that of girls in the normal group (61.68±5.16)(t=3.68, P<0.01). Furthermore, the independent functional factors, cognitive functional factors, social self-control factors and ADQ of precocious girls were lower than those of normal girls (P<0.01), and 24.4% of them were at the lower limit of psychosocial adaptability, lower than those of normal girls(U=4.84，P<0.01).@*Conclusion@#Girls with precocious puberty show impairments on the development of intelligence, self-concept and psychosocial adaptability.

Contexto familiar de niños con autismo: Implicaciones en el desarrollo social y emocional / Family context of children with autism. Implications for emotional and social development

Las familias de niños con trastorno del espectro del autismo (TEA) pueden diferenciarse en función de indicadores sociodemográficos y del clima familiar caracterizado por el nivel de estrés parental, el uso de estrategias de afrontamiento y la búsqueda de apoyo social. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar las diferencias conductuales, emocionales y sociales de niños con TEA en relación con distintas tipologías de familias caracterizadas en función de los factores de riesgo como de riesgo alto, moderado y bajo. Los participantes fueron 52 madres y sus hijos de entre 7 y 11 años, con TEA sin discapacidad intelectual, que aportaron información del desarrollo socioemocional de los hijos mediante el Cuestionario de Cualidades y Dificultades, que valora síntomas emocionales, problemas de conducta, hiperactividad/ problemas de atención, problemas de relación con los compañeros y conducta prosocial. Los análisis de comparación entre grupos que se llevaron a cabo, indicaron que los niños con familias de riesgo alto mostraron puntuaciones significativamente más bajas en conductas prosociales y experimentaron un nivel significativamente superior de problemas emocionales que los niños de las familias del grupo de bajo riesgo. Por consiguiente, los resultados mostraron la relación que tiene el contexto familiar con el desarrollo socioemocional de niños con TEA. Subrayan asimismo la importancia del asesoramiento a las familias para potenciar las habilidades de regulación emocional y las conductas prosociales, debido a su impacto en la adaptación social a largo plazo.

Families of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) can be differentiated according to socio-demographics and environmental risk factors characterized by stress parental, the use of coping strategies and social support. The aim of this study was to analyze the behavioral, emotional and social manifestations of children with ASD, related to different types of families characterized according risk factors as families with "high risk", with "moderated risk" and with "low risk". Participants were 52 mothers and their children between 7 and 11 years old with ASD without intellectual disability. All mothers provided information about children's behavior through the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, which includes the following scales: emotional symptoms, behavioral problems, hyperactivity/inattention, peer problems and prosocial behavior. Comparisons analysis showed that children belonging to the high family risk group exhibited less prosocial behaviors and a higher level of emotional problems compared to the low risk group. The findings from the present study illustrate the importance of considering the characteristics of entire family system in the emotional and social development of children with ASD. The role of family counseling to enhance emotional regulation skills and prosocial behaviors is underlined due to their impact on long-term social adjustment.

Escala de inteligencia Emocional Wong-Law (WLEIS) en estudiantes de Enfermería peruanos / Wong-Law Emotional Intelligence Scale in peruvian Nursing students

Introducción: Los profesionales de enfermería muestran mayores prevalencias de desgaste profesional emocional, por lo que contar con instrumentos válidos y fiables que permitan conocer su inteligencia emocional es una prioridad. Objetivos: Evaluar la validez de constructo del WLEIS en enfermeros en formación de su carrera en contexto peruano, así como examinar la ausencia de sesgo, identificar el nivel de varianza verdadera e interpretar las puntuaciones en base a correlaciones divergentes y convergentes con otros constructos. Métodos: Se le aplicaron una serie de instrumentos a una muestra de 154 estudiantes universitarios de Lima (Perú), con el fin de alcanzar los objetivos: WLEIS de inteligencia emocional; GAD-2 de ansiedad; PHQ-2 de depresión, SISE para la autoestima y SIMSS para evaluar el apoyo social tangible. Resultados: De acuerdo al análisis realizado, se indicó que el instrumento tiene una adecuada validez para expresar conductas específicas del modelo de inteligencia emocional, así como aceptables propiedades psicométricas respecto a la estructura interna, confiabilidad y relación con otros constructos. Conclusiones: El instrumento puede ser una herramienta importante para conocer la inteligencia emocional en profesionales de la enfermería peruanos. Las implicaciones en materia de prevención y creación de tratamientos de intervención en función de los resultados obtenidos en el instrumento que ha demostrado ser apropiado psicométricamente, podrían permitir mejorar la calidad de vida de dichos profesionales(AU)

Introduction: Nursing professionals show higher prevalence figures of emotional professional burnout, so having valid and reliable instruments that allow knowing their emotional intelligence is a priority. Objectives: To evaluate the construct validity of the Wong-Law Emotional Intelligence Scale (WLEIS) in nurses in their major training in Peruvian context, as well as to examine the absence of bias, identify the level of true variance, and interpret the scores based on divergent and convergent correlations with other constructs. Methods: A series of instruments were applied to a sample of 154 university students from Lima, Peru, in order to reach the objectives. Those instruments were the WLEIS for emotional intelligence, the 2-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale, the Patient Health Questionnaire-2 for depression, the Single-Item Self-Esteem Scale, and the Single Item Measure of Social Support. Results: According to the analysis, the instrument was indicated to have an adequate validity to express specific behaviors of the emotional intelligence model, as well as acceptable psychometric properties regarding the internal structure, reliability and relationship with other constructs. Conclusions: The instrument can be an important tool to know the emotional intelligence of Peruvian nursing professionals. The implications in terms of prevention and creation of intervention treatments based on the results obtained in the instrument that has been shown to be psychometrically appropriate could make it possible to improve the quality of life of these professionals(AU)

Relación entre ansiedad y afrontamiento en estudiantes más jóvenes de una universidad del Caribe colombiano / Relationship between anxiety and coping in the youngest students in a university of the Colombian Caribbean

El presente estudio establece la relación entre los niveles de ansiedad, los estilos y estrategias de afrontamiento empleados por los estudiantes más jóvenes en una universidad del Caribe colombiano. Es una investigación de tipo cuantitativo y transversal. La muestra final estuvo conformada por jóvenes (n=216). Fueron administradas la Escala de Afrontamiento para Adolescentes ­ ACS y la forma C de la Escala de Ansiedad Manifiesta para Adultos - AMAS. Las variables de estudio se comparan en relación al género mediante una prueba T de Student. Los resultados dan cuenta de que a pesar de que los hombres muestran mayor tendencia a la ansiedad, no se encuentran diferencias significativas. En cuanto a los estilos y estrategias de afrontamiento se encontró que tanto hombres como mujeres los emplean de una manera muy similar; sin embargo, las mujeres usaron de manera significativamente mayor la estrategia esforzarse y tener éxito. Se discuten los resultados en relación a la literatura existente.

The present study establishes the relationship between anxiety levels, styles and coping strategies employed by the youngest students in a University of the Colombian Caribbean. It is a quantitative, transverse and descriptive research. The final sample consisted of young (n = 216). In this study were administered the Adolescent Coping Scale - ACS and the Adult Manifiest Anxiety Scale ­ C (AMAS). The study variables were compared in relation to gender by Student T test. The results show that despite the fact that men show a greater tendency to anxiety, no significant differences are found. As for styles and coping strategies it was found that both men and women employ a very similar way; however, women used a significantly larger way of strategy related to strive and become successful. The results are discussed in relation to the existing literature.

Mediating Effects of Hope and Therapeutic Relationship in the Relation between General Social Functions and Mental Health Recovery of Community People with Mental Illness

PURPOSE: This study tries to test mediating effects of hope and therapeutic relationship in the relation between general social functions and mental health recovery of community people with mental illness. METHODS: This study was carried out in a cross-sectional research design. The participants included 217 people with mental illnesses who were enrolled at eight Mental Health Welfare Centers in the Gyeonggi Province. Data were collected from February to May, 2018. The collected data were analyzed using a regression analysis, and SPSS PROCESS macro was used to test the mediating effects. RESULTS: This study analyzed the direct effects of general social functions on the hope, therapeutic relationship and mental health recovery. And general social functions had indirect effects on their mental health recovery via hope and therapeutic relationship. Both hope and therapeutic relationship had dual mediating effects in the influence of general social functions on mental health recovery. CONCLUSION: The role of hope and therapeutic relationship in the mental health recovery of community people with mental illness is important, and it is confirmed that hope is a powerful factor influencing mental health recovery.